Biological control using the natural enemy Verticilium lecanii fungus and predators Syrphidae (Diptera), Coelophora maculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Cheilomenes maculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Scymnus sp.

Vegetable pesticides using oil from Azadirachta indica and Geranium sp.

maintain environmental sanitation or keep the greenhouse clean. make flea traps can use yellow traps. check the hydroponic installation to keep it maintained and check the plants and make sure there are no pests attacking.

One pest that is often encountered and is detrimental to plants is the Leaf Miner pest or usually called leaf borer. Leafminer pests attack chillies, tomatoes, potatoes, and several other types of vegetables. Leafminer or leafminer fly has the Latin name Liriomyza sp. This pest attacks plants when living in the larval phase.

The leafminer fly lays its eggs on the leaf surface. After a few days the eggs hatch and turn into larvae. The characteristics of plants attacked by leaf miner pests include, leaves have marks such as elongated lines / grooves with a winding structure, if left unchecked, more leaves will be attacked by leaf miner pests precisely in the mesophyll of the leaves so that they will change to white entirely then slowly wither and die. When all the leaves have been attacked by pests, the plants cannot survive and experience death.

The pests get their food and have a home and are able to breed will increase rapidly. So that it can harm farmers on a large scale. Therefore, the right way to deal with this leafminer pest is needed. The way to deal with this pest is:

1. Plant susceptible crops such as chillies, tomatoes, potatoes and some other vegetables not close to each other as this makes it easier for pests to move and results in a rapid increase in population.

2. Giving the right fertiliser, giving the right fertiliser is needed in cultivating plants because excessive fertiliser can affect plants to be susceptible to pests and diseases.

3. Perform crop rotation, this crop rotation is done so that when planting the next crop it is not attacked again by the leafminer pest.

4. Chemical control is by alternately spraying insecticides made from abamectin, bifenthrin, methoxyfenozide, chlorantraniliprole, or spinetoram.

5. Biological control (using organic pesticides) that can avoid chemical residues is the use of environmentally friendly neem oil.

6. Mechanical control is by pruning infected leaves so as to save the plant from the attack carried out by the pest.

This disease attacks various species of the Crucifera group including mustard. Although the level of attack is not as severe as in cabbage plants, this disease can attack with an intensity of up to 10%.

Sanitising the environment to keep the environment / greenhouse clean, increasing water discharge, checking Ph and TDS, adding a certain dose of dithane fungsida.

Disease Symptoms

At the base of infested leaves, small, sunken, rust-coloured sores first appear and then a yellowish liquid drips from the surface of the spots. If control is not carried out immediately, the spots will dry out and become brown in colour. In the process of development, the spots can extend upwards and downwards until the mustard becomes rotten and the base becomes a muddy, brown, dry, and blackish coloured mass unit.

The causes of base rot disease are Rhizoctonia solani. The fungus can survive from one season to the next in the form of sclerotia in the soil or on the remains of host tissues. In the field, the disease will intensify when the average daily temperature is above 19.5 C with high humidity.

The sclerotia germinate in humid weather and form threads of mycelium that can grow approximately one cm. The spread of this fungus can be through agricultural equipment from infected soils to uninfected soils.

To prevent dumping off in the nursery, soil treatment should be carried out. To reduce the severity of base rot is to rotate crops with non-host species. Perfect water treatment can destroy sclerotia in the water.

Mustard plants that are attacked by armyworm pests are characterised by hollow leaves, yellowing and irregular leaf parts. symptoms: yellowing leaves, hollow leaves and irregular leaf parts.

Armyworms attack mustard plants by eating the leaves so that the leaves are hollow and leave only the leaves. Generally, this pest develops and attacks plants during the dry season.

The first thing to do is to sterilise the greenhouse, then you can also use yellow traps, and if you want to use chemicals, you can use pesticides containing abamectin. rotate the plants so that the plants affected by armyworms are not close to healthy plants.

Control:

1. Non-chemical: collecting caterpillars, then burning them and sanitising the garden or land.
2. Chemical: spraying insecticides such as matador 25 ec, curacron 500 ec and buldok 25 ec.

Plant Louse(Bemisia tabaci) is a major pest of many vegetable crops in Indonesia. Whitefly is a small and white insect. Usually attacking any plants such as crops, chillies, vegetables and fruits, this pest usually dwells behind the leaves in groups. Whitefly pests have a double effect when damaging plants. In addition to directly damaging plants, whitefly can also cause indirect damage to plants.
Direct damage can cause symptoms of leaf curling, chlorosis (yellowing), stripes (mosaic), and if the attack is severe it can cause plants to become stunted and unproductive. Indirect damage to plants caused by whitefly is that whitefly can act as a vector for the spread of yellow fever virus (gemini virus). The gemini virus is transmitted persistently, which means that once a whitefly eats a plant containing yellow virus, it can transmit yellow virus for the rest of its life.
Plant Louse as a vector of jaundice virus spread has a wide host range and is able to infect various types of plants such as mustard, chilli, tomato, eggplant, tobacco, cucumber, watermelon, cabbage, potato and so on.

Ways to prevent and treat whitefly on plants include :

Always check every leaf on the mustard plant, if there is a Plant Louse, just clean it using your hands, then you can also spray it with pesticides or the like.

• Natural control. (Natural control of Plant Louse pests can be done by maintaining the sustainability of natural enemies by minimising all actions that can kill them. population of natural enemies of Plant Louse, namely predators and parasitoids)

• Planting barrier plants. The aim is to prevent insect vectors from entering the main cultivated plants. Usually, maize is used.
• Conduct crop rotation. The aim is to stop or break the life cycle of the whitefly pest (Bemisia tabaci). Crop rotation techniques are carried out by planting plants that are not similar or not whitefly host plants. This method is quite effective in reducing whitefly populations and inhibiting their reproduction).

• Effective insecticide control with the 5 T strategy

This is the pest that causes me the most stress. It comes suddenly, spreads quickly, and the pest is like an invisible demon. One box of 5 fat pakcoy plants was attacked by this pest at the age of 31 days. Actually, I am not 100% sure that the cause is spider mite. But, judging from the characteristics, it is closest to the damage caused by spider mite. I did come across red super mini spiders a few times. But if you read from various sources, spider mite is only visible when it has formed its web. My Pakcoy was only infected to the extent that brownish spots appeared. After much googling, the easiest way to deal with it is to spray water frequently on the plants because spider mites do not like humid conditions. Hence, spider mite attacks are rampant during the dry season and subside when the rainy season arrives.

Maintain environmental humidity by placing hydroponic plants in a place that has good air circulation and is exposed to direct sunlight and rainwater, because pests do not like places that are exposed to strong winds, sunlight, and rainwater continuously. then if it is severe, you can cut the leaves.

Locusts are leaf-eating insects that are considered pests because they interfere with plant growth. Locusts invade plantations by forming groups or colonies. If you do not get rid of locusts in your plantation, the damage caused by these insects will most likely get worse.

The most effective way to deal with locust pests is by spraying pesticides.

Bolting is a major problem often experienced by hydroponic growers. In a sense, bolting is a process where mustard plants fail to form healthy leaves. bolting is caused by overly hot environmental conditions coupled with high nutrient water temperatures.

The first step is to check the Ph and Ppm again, make sure both are stable, not deficient and not excessive, make sure the air temperature is also stable, if it is too hot, you can use uv plastic so that sunlight is not directly received by the leaves.

Frog's eye disease in mustard plants is caused by the fungus cercospora sp. Frog's eye disease usually develops due to humidity conditions around mustard plants that are too high, especially after rainfall. So, in this case the lettuce is too much water content. And if there is water attached to the lettuce leaves for more than 7-8 hours, then the mustard leaves will be overgrown by the cercospora sp fungus, so that the mustard leaves will be affected by frog eye disease.

Things that need to be considered in dealing with this disease are environmental sanitation, making sure the environment/greenhouse is maintained and clean, cutting off leaves that have been attacked, adjusting the distance between plants so that plants can develop freely and the most important thing is that the reservoir must be drained frequently.